Mosaic is a kind of building decoration material. Because of its small particles, flexible color matching, and easier pattern arrangement, it was used by European ingenious designers in the early days for the decoration of indoor steps, platforms, toilets, etc. in buildings, and a small amount of it was decorated on the floor of indoor halls.
From the existing European-style buildings built in the 18th and 19th centuries in my country, it can be seen that the use of mosaics as floor decoration has a decorative effect different from that of stone slabs or terrazzo.
Today, many high-end buildings in my country are no longer satisfied with the effect of using only stone slabs or plate mosaics to decorate the floor. In terms of design concepts, they pursue retro style, and in terms of decorative effects, they pursue richness and diversity to achieve antique and unique decorative effects.
And as the material for making mosaics, it has also broken through the single variety. Resin, shells, glass, stone, etc. have all become materials for making mosaics, and the colors are becoming richer and richer.
Among the many materials for making mosaics, marble with a variety of natural colors is the most diverse base material, and it is also the easiest to make in terms of shape, specifications, and splicing patterns.
Having these basic elements provides favorable conditions for designing and making exquisite patterns.
This article mainly introduces the construction process of installation, overall strength reinforcement, and flatness grinding of small-grain marble mosaics on the ground.
Discussion on the construction method of marble mosaics on the ground
Through an understanding of the two traditional and currently used paving effects, it can be said that although the two construction methods are very similar, the results are very different. Therefore, the author believes that, under the premise of being unable to change the production and production of marble components, the construction process should be studied and formulated according to the characteristics of marble mosaics:
First, the paving method should be improved to strengthen the bonding between the bottom slurry and the components.
Second, the overall grouting reinforcement work should be carried out on the working surface.
Third, the uneven particle surface after paving reinforcement should be polished for overall flatness and re-polished.
The three processes are constructed in sequence to achieve a construction effect of firm components and beautiful finishes.
The specific operation process is as follows:
Improvement of paving process.
The purpose of improving paving process is to enhance the bonding force to components. First, use clear slurry containing glue and fully control the thickness of the base slurry so that it has sufficient bonding thickness to the back mesh and leaves appropriate margin for squeezing into the gaps between particles.
Second, penetrate the mesh of the back mesh at the closed gaps between particles and press the base slurry into the gaps to bond with the mosaic during paving; third, apply an interface agent to increase the bonding force on the back mesh of the component.
It should be noted here that due to the current requirements for the color of the seam material, the overflow and bonding of the base slurry are limited to the lower half of the mosaic particles. Therefore, in the paving process, increasing the bonding force and controlling the amount of base slurry are the key points.
Overall grouting reinforcement.
Overall grouting reinforcement is to use grout penetration and bonding for all component gaps and the base slurry of the gaps, with the purpose of bonding the mosaic particles and the particles and the base slurry into a solid whole.
From the current classification of grouting materials, one type is cement-based clear slurry. The characteristics of cement are coarse particles and large water-exuding pores, which cannot penetrate and reinforce fine gaps;
The other type of grouting material is liquid glue. The solvent is an oily thinner with extremely strong permeability, and the solute is an epoxy-based glue with high bonding strength. The original glue of this type of liquid glue is relatively thin, and the fluidity and permeability are very strong. It can penetrate and bond the pores of the cement slurry with the close joints of the particles. It can also be diluted and colored according to the needs of the purpose. After the colloid is solidified and polished, the surface is smooth and bright, generally not easy to be contaminated, and can achieve a good decorative effect.
However, liquid glue also has certain defects; that is, the dilution degree, curing time, and shrinkage of the colloid need to be mastered by trial matching, and multiple grouting methods should be used during construction. In addition, when purchasing liquid glue and thinners, it is necessary to purchase transparent liquid glue that is not yellow or yellowing and matching thinners.
Flatness grinding and polishing.
The marble mosaic floor needs to undergo a flatness grinding process because the thickness of the mosaic is inconsistent and the particles are uneven after paving. Also, the grouting reinforcement causes the accumulation of glue on the surface of the components, making it difficult to achieve a smooth and bright finish. The grinding process of floor mosaic is relatively complicated. There are three differences in the grinding of the plate, specifically:
The grinding abrasives and equipment are different. The first material and construction equipment selected for mosaic grinding construction should fully consider the characteristics of granular components and prevent the cut surface of the abrasive and the speed and weight of the equipment from knocking the particles off the floor (thickness is only 0.5 cm);
The grinding amount is different. The flatness requirement of marble mosaic is 90%, and the grinding amount is 0.15–0.2 cm. It is not required to grind the excessively low-lying particles flat to prevent the components from being too thin or worn through.
The grinding of corners is different. The grinding of mosaic corners is not only a large workload but also requires additional material filling and grouting. The workload and process difficulty are higher than the construction of large surfaces.
In this improved and newly added process, the first two processes have a reinforcing effect on the overall component and also lay a solid foundation for bearing the third strong grinding process; the third process is to ensure that the surface has a flat and good decorative effect.
Purchase of floor mosaics, adhesives, and reinforcement materials
1. Purchase of base adhesive materials.
In addition to cement, base adhesive materials should also include water-based adhesives with good strength as interface agents and cement additives, or adhesives containing adhesives can be directly purchased to enhance the bonding strength with the back mesh of the component.
2. Purchase of mosaics.
Considering that mosaics need to be polished for flatness, components as thick as possible should be purchased; it is best not to closely match the particles, and the width of the gaps should be consistent.
3. Selection of grouting materials.
The grouting material should be determined according to the design requirements and the width of the gaps between mosaic particles. If the project requirements are high and the gaps between particles are Y-Jl, you can choose solvent-based liquid glue with good transparency and no yellowing as the grouting material.
If the gaps are uniformly large, you can choose a certain amount of liquid glue and a caulking glue with brightness after polishing. In addition, purchase thinners that match the liquid glue and color paste to mix the glue color. If the project requirements are low and the gaps are more standardized, glue-containing cement adhesive can be used.
Floor mosaic paving construction
1. Paving process flow:
Preparation before paving: scraping the base slurry; component arrangement; paving; product protection; slurry assimilation and maintenance.
(1) preparation before paving. Remove garbage and dust from the work surface, sprinkle water to moisten the ground, and prepare for scraping the base slurry and back mesh perforation. Punch through the back mesh holes in the particle gaps; apply interface agent. Apply the interface agent to the mosaic back mesh.
(2) Scrape the slurry. Correctly estimate the amount of base slurry, and scrape the mixed slurry on the base surface to make it smooth.
(3) Mosaic arrangement. Before paving, the components must be pre-arranged and verified according to the pattern requirements. The pattern splicing, the size of the splicing seams, and the size of the component installation surface must be clearly understood to prevent the particles from falling off after being removed after mis-paving.
(4) Paving requirements. After the components are compacted, the mortar should be able to pass through the mesh and adhere to the lower part of the particles, as shown in Figure 5; due to the need for grinding in the later stage, the size of the overall component paving should be 0.2 cm higher.
(5) Product protection. Product protection includes three aspects. First, the newly laid components should be prevented from being stepped on and contaminated; second, cement mortar and adhesive materials should be prevented from contaminating the mosaic surface and gaps; and third, sharp objects should be prevented from scratching the particles.
(6) Mortar maintenance. The mortar maintenance period of mosaics is relatively long. Ensure a sufficient maintenance period to release the water vapor in the mortar to meet the requirements of the next construction process.
2. Overall grouting reinforcement construction
The key point of implementing overall grouting reinforcement construction for marble mosaic floors is to control the performance of liquid glue and perform grouting construction in stages. The control of liquid glue performance mainly refers to three aspects:
In terms of the permeability of liquid glue, the thinner the glue, the stronger the permeability. The maximum dilution ratio of original glue to diluent is 1:1, which has sufficient permeability.
In terms of the shrinkage performance of the colloid, the thinner the glue, the greater the shrinkage. This requires the constructor to choose different concentrations according to different needs and control different shrinkage amounts.
Control of the curing time of the glue liquid. The thinner the glue, the longer the curing time. In order to ensure the penetration time of the glue liquid, it is more appropriate to start curing 1 hour after grouting. The concentration of the grouting material is determined according to the condition of the component and the effect of penetration and bonding.
The construction of grouting in stages is carried out according to the effect of penetration reinforcement, that is, the diluted slurry should be used for the first grouting to make it fully permeable; the second grouting can use liquid original glue;
If the shrinkage of the colloid is large, the third grouting can be carried out; finally, the larger depressions are repaired with a bright caulking glue after polishing. It should be noted that the glue-pouring construction cannot be completed in one go. If the glue is poured in too thick, it is easy to cause the solvent in the lower part of the glue to be unable to volatilize, resulting in the surface solidifying and the lower part being forever soft. Therefore, the glue-pouring construction can only follow the step-by-step construction procedure of grouting, solidification, re-grouting, and re-solidification.
Company product display
